اثر سطوح مختلف مولیبدن و نیتروژن روی برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی اسفناج | ||
| دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 15، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 13-27 اصل مقاله (1.2 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/ppt.2024.28466.2108 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لیلا مفتون1؛ محمود اثنی عشـری* 2؛ معصومه عامریان3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تجمع نیترات یک مشکل شایع در اغلب سبزیهای برگی است و هنگامی اتفاق میافتد که میزان جذب نیترات از میزان مصرف آن توسط گیاه فراتر رود. این مطالعه بهصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گردید. فاکتور اول شامل افزودن نیترات (نیترات کلسیم) به محلول استاندارد هوگلند در سه سطح صفر، 10 و 20 درصد و فاکتور دوم افزودن غلظت مختلف مولیبدن از نمک مولیبدات سدیم در چهار سطح صفر، 5/0، 5/1 و 3 میکرومولار بود. صفات اندازهگیری شده شامل برخی ویژگیهای رشدی، فنل و فلاونوئید کل، اسیدآسکوربیک، نیترات برگ اسفناج بودند. باتوجهبه نتایج بهدست آمده، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن خشک ریشه و درصد ماده خشک به ازای افزایش غلظت نیترات کلسیم تا 20 درصد و کاربرد مولیبدن تا 3 میکرومولار در محلول غذایی افزایش یافتند. کاربرد همزمان مولیبدن و نیتروژن اثر معنیداری روی صفات فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل و اسیدآسکوربیک نداشت و بیشترین میزان صفات مذکور در مولیبدن 3 میکرومولار مشاهده گردید. بیشترین میزان نیترات برگ (4/3247 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم وزن تر) در تیمار 20 درصد نیترات اضافی همراه با مولیبدن شاهد مشاهده گردید. براساس نتایج حاصل، کاربرد مولیبدن در محلول غذایی اثر کاهنده روی تجمع نیترات در برگ اسفناج داشت، بنابراین افزودن 3 میکرومولار مولیبدات سدیم به محلول غذایی هوگلند در سیستم هیدروپونیک برای تولید اسفناج جهت حصول حداکثری میزان ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی و حداقل میزان تجمع نیترات توصیه میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اسید آسکوربیک؛ فلاونوئید کل؛ فنل کل؛ مولبیدات سدیم؛ نیترات کلسیم | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| تغذیه گیاه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Different Levels of Molybdenum and Nitrogen on some Morphophysiological Characteristics of Spinach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Leila Mafton,1؛ Mahmood Esna-Ashari2؛ Masoomeh Amerian3 | ||
| 1Former Master's Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Agriculture Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Nitrate accumulation is a common problem in most leafy vegetables and it happens when the amount of nitrate absorption exceeds the amount consumed by the plant. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design and in three replications. The first factor included adding nitrate (calcium nitrate) to Hoagland's standard solution at three levels of 0, 10 and 20%, and the second factor was adding different concentrations of molybdenum from sodium molybdate salt at four levels of 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3 µM. The measured traits included traits of some growth characteristics, total phenol and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, spinach leaf nitrate. According to the obtained results, fresh and dry weight of leaf, dry weight of root and percentage of dry matter increased by increasing calcium nitrate concentration up to 20% and molybdenum application up to 3 µM in nutrient solution. The simultaneous application of molybdenum and nitrogen had no significant effect on total phenolic, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid traits, and the highest amount of these traits was observed in 3 µM molybdenum. The highest amount of leaf nitrate (3247.4 mg kg-1 FW) was observed in the treatment of 20% additional nitrate along with molybdenum. Based on the results, the use of molybdenum in nutrient solution had a reducing effect on nitrate accumulation in spinach leaf, therefore adding 3 µM sodium molybdate to Hoagland nutrient solution in hydroponic system for spinach production is recommended to obtain the maximum amount of antioxidant compounds and the minimum amount of nitrate accumulation. Introduction Plants take nitrogen (N) either as nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium (NH4+) form for various growth and developmental processes; however, NO3− is more important for such processes. For most of the crop plants, the nitrate form is mobile, less toxic, and can be stored in vacuoles. However, Nitrate must be reduced to NH4+ before it can be utilized for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and other nitrogenous compounds in plant cells. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), the key nitrate assimilatory enzymes, are located in cytosol and chloroplasts and catalyze nitrate reduction to NO2− followed by NO2− to NH4+, respectively, in the leaf tissues. However, NH4+ is directly assimilated to produce different amino acids by the mutual actions of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) enzymes in a cyclic manner within the plant cells. Nitrate accumulation is a common problem in most leafy vegetables and it happens when the amount of nitrate absorption exceeds the amount consumed by the plant. Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential microelement for higher plants and also a metal component of the Mo-cofactor, (Moco) biosynthesis. Moco binds to Mo-requiring enzymes and optimizes their activities for normal functioning of plant growth and developmental processes. Molybdenum plays a significant role in N metabolism, which includes nitrate reduction, assimilation, and fixation, by regulating the NR and GS enzymes activities and expressions. During symbiotic N fixation, Mo acts as a cofactor for nitrogenase enzymes to catalyze the redox reaction to convert elemental N into ammonium ions. Materials and methods This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design and in three replications. The first factor included adding nitrate (calcium nitrate) to Hoagland's standard solution at three levels of 0, 10 and 20%, and the second factor was adding different concentrations of molybdenum from sodium molybdate salt at four levels of 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3 µM. This research was conducted in the research greenhouse of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources Razi University. Senator spinach seeds were obtained from Fardin Kasht Alborz Institute. Spinach seeds were disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes and then planted in seedling trays containing cocopeat and perlite with a volume ratio of 1:1. The measured traits included traits of some growth characteristics, total phenol and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, spinach leaf nitrate. Results and discussion According to the obtained results, fresh and dry weight of leaf, dry weight of root and percentage of dry matter increased by increasing calcium nitrate concentration up to 20% and molybdenum application up to 3 µM in nutrient solution. The simultaneous application of molybdenum and nitrogen had no significant effect on total phenolic, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid traits, and the highest amount of these traits was observed in 3 µM molybdenum. The highest amount of leaf nitrate (3247.4 mg kg-1 FW) was observed in the treatment of 20% additional nitrate along with molybdenum. The most important point in this research was the use of molybdenum to control nitrate accumulation, and the use of molybdenum in concentrations of 1.5 and 3 µM was able to reduce the amount of nitrate accumulation in the aerial parts to some extent, thus neutralizing the toxicity of excess nitrate. The use of sodium molybdate can be one of the recommended ways to reduce the accumulation of nitrates and at the same time enrich molybdenum in spinach and increase the nutritional value of this plant. Conclusion Nitrate and ammonium are the major forms of N that plants use for different growth and developmental processes. The present study revealed that Mo fertilizer plays a key role in N metabolism through regulating the activities and expressions of N-assimilating enzymes. In general, the results of this research showed that the increase in molybdenum concentration in hydroponic culture affected the growth and biochemical characteristics of spinach. Based on the results, the use of molybdenum in nutrient solution had a reducing effect on nitrate accumulation in spinach leaf, therefore adding 3 µM sodium molybdate to Hoagland nutrient solution in hydroponic system for spinach production is recommended to obtain the maximum amount of antioxidant compounds and the minimum amount of nitrate accumulation. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Ascorbic acid, Total flavonoid, Total phenol, Sodium molybdate, Calcium nitrate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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